72 research outputs found
A rendszeres fizikai terhelĂ©s hatása az oxidatĂv fehĂ©rje Ă©s DNS sĂ©rĂĽlĂ©s javĂtására. A prevenciĂł egyik titka? = The effects of regular exercise on oxidative protein and DNA damage repair. Secret prevention?
A tervezett kutatási cĂ©lt a pályázat segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel sikerĂĽlt megvalĂłsĂtani, de az Ăşj ismeretek birtokában Ăşjabb ismeretlen jelensĂ©gekbe ĂĽtköztĂĽnk. Korábban kimutattuk, hogy a rendszeres testedzĂ©s csökkenti a DNS sĂ©rĂĽlĂ©s nagyságát a sejtmagban, s azt feltĂ©teleztĂĽk, hogy ez nagyon fontos jelensĂ©g, mely szerepet játszhat a testedzĂ©ssel egyĂĽtt járĂł szĂ©les körű prevenciĂłban. VizsgálatainkbĂłl kiderĂĽlt, hogy a sejtmagban Ă©s mitochondriumban levĹ‘ DNS sĂ©rĂĽlĂ©st javĂtĂł enzimek kĂĽlönbözĹ‘en válaszolnak a testedzĂ©sre, annak ellenĂ©re hogy mindkĂ©t sejtalkotĂłban csökken a DNS sĂ©rĂĽlĂ©s nagysága a rendszeres edzĂ©s hatására. Rendszeres edzĂ©s hatásra nĂ©hány szervben jelentĹ‘sen emelkedik a proteasoma enzim komplex aktivitása. Eddigi eredmĂ©nyeink azt jelzik, hogy rendszeres testedzĂ©s hatására emelkedik azon enzimek aktivitása, melyek fontos szerepet játszanak a sejten belĂĽli "takarĂtásban", s ez kĂĽlönösen fontos lehet az öregedĂ©s folyamán. | The present grant helped us to study the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress, and we have gained new information. We have shown, that regular exercise decreases the level of oxidative DNA damage in nucleaus, and this could be an important factor, which plays a curricular role in exercise-induced prevention. We have demonstrated that the regulating mechanism of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA repair enzymes is different, although regular exercise appears to decrease the DNA damage in both organelles. We have also shown, that exercise is able to up-regulate the activity of proteasome. Our data suggest, that exercise increases the activity of housekeeping enzymes, which could be important for the fate of the cell, especially during aging process
ElixĂr-e a testedzĂ©s?
A testedzĂ©s komplex, az egĂ©sz testet átfogĂł hatásrendszere miatt valamennyi szervĂĽnket Ă©rinti. A relatĂv maximális aerob kapacitás (VO 2max ) nagysága fontos lehetett az emberrĂ© fejlĹ‘dĂ©s során is, hiszen a magasabb VO 2max eredmĂ©nyesebb táplálĂ©kszerzĂ©ssel párosulhatott. Azonban Ăşgy tűnik, hogy a magasabb VO 2max ma, a XXI. században is jelentĹ‘sen befolyásolhatja a tĂşlĂ©lĂ©st, hiszen a magasabb VO 2max csökkenti a szĂv- Ă©s keringĂ©si, bizonyos rákos Ă©s idegrendszeri megbetegedĂ©sek elĹ‘fordulását is. Számos vizsgálat eredmĂ©nye azt sugallja, hogy az átlagnál magasabb VO 2max , a fizikai fitnesz elĂ©rĂ©se, illetve megtartása az egyik leghatĂ©konyabb eszköz a tĂşlĂ©lĂ©shez a modern civilizált világban is. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 764–768
A több évtizeden át tartó testedzés hatása az irizin hormon szintjére
Kutatásunk során cĂ©lul tűztĂĽk ki, hogy felderĂtsĂĽk az Ă©lethosszon át tartĂł edzĂ©s hatását a vĂ©r irizin
szintjére. Vizsgálatunkban edzett és nem edzett
közép/időskorú személyek vettek részt. Az irizin hormon, ami egy myokin és adipokin, a fizikai aktivitás
során termelődik a peroxiszóma proliferátor aktivált
receptor gamma koaktivátor 1 alfa (PGC1A) fehérje
jelenlĂ©tĂ©ben. Az irizin számos fontos Ă©lettani hatással bĂr, melyek fĹ‘kĂ©nt fizikai aktivitás hatására aktiválĂłdnak. ElsĹ‘sorban a szervezet anyagcsere folyamatait szabályozza, de kapcsolatba hozták már az
agyműködéssel és a telomer hosszal is. Legjobb tudomásunk szerint korábban nem vizsgálták még a
több évtizedes edzés hatását az irizinre. Eredményeink alapján azt találtuk, hogy az irizin hormon
szintje nem mutat korrelációt a VO2max értékkel.
TöbbváltozĂłs regressziĂłs analĂzis alkalmazása során
az irizin és a HDL koncentrációja a vérben korrelációt mutatott egymással a különböző funkcionális
paraméterek figyelembe vétele mellett. Maximális erő
mérés eredményei alapján az edzett és az edzetlen
férfi csoport nagyobb maximális erővel rendelkezik,
mint az edzett és edzetlen női csoport, azonban a két
férfi csoport között nem mutatható ki különbség. Az
edzett férfiak robbanékony ereje nagyobb a két női
csoporthoz képest. A becsült VO2max értékek szignifikánsan magasabbak az edzett férfi csoportban az
edzetlen csoportokhoz képest. Az edzett nők magasabb HDL szinttel rendelkeznek, mint az edzetlen
férfiak és az edzetlen nők. A HDL, mint előnyös
funkciókkal rendelkező lipoprotein, elképzelhető,
hogy hasonló élettani adaptációs folyamatok mentén
fejti ki a hatásait, mint az irizin. A VO2max és az irizin szint között nem találtunk korrelációt, amiből
arra következtethetünk, hogy az edzésre adott élettani válaszok komplexebbek annál, minthogy egyetlen mutatóval próbáljuk meg jellemezni azt
A mikroflóra és a bélnyálkahártya kölcsönhatása az irritábilis bél, irritábilis szem és irritábilis elme szindróma kórtanában és kezelésében
Accumulating clinical evidence supports co-morbidity of irritable bowel, irritable eye and irritable mind symptoms. Furthermore, perturbation of the microbiota-host symbiosis (dysbiosis) is considered a common pathogenic mechanism connecting gastrointestinal, ocular and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Consequently, maintaining or restoring microbiota-host symbiosis represents a new approach to treat these symptoms or to prevent their relapses. Current treatment approach assigned a primary role to live probiotics alone or in combination with prebiotics to enhance colonization of beneficial bacteria and to strengthen the symbiosis. However, several papers showed major benefits of heat-killed probiotics as compared to their live counterparts on both intestinal and systemic symptoms. Recently, in addition to killing probiotics, in a proof of concept study lysates (fragments) of probiotics in combination with vitamins A, B, D and omega 3 fatty acids were successfully tested. These findings suggested a conceptual change in the approach addressed to both the microbiota and host as targets for intervention. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(37), 1454-1460
Exercise increases markers of spermatogenesis in rats selectively bred for low running capacity
The oxidative stress effect of exercise training on testis function is under debate. In the present study we used a unique rat model system developed by artificial selection for low and high intrinsic running capacity (LCR and HCR, respectively) to evaluate the effects of exercise training on apoptosis and spermatogenesis in testis. Twenty-four 13-month-old male rats were assigned to four groups: control LCR (LCR-C), trained LCR (LCR-T), control HCR (HCR-C), and trained HCR (HCR-T). Ten key proteins connecting aerobic exercise capacity and general testes function were assessed, including those that are vital for mitochondrial biogenesis. The VO2 max of LCR-C group was about 30% lower than that of HCR-C rats, and the SIRT1 levels were also significantly lower than HCR-C. Twelve weeks of training significantly increased maximal oxygen consumption in LCR by nearly 40% whereas HCR remained unchanged. LCR-T had significantly higher levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1alpha), decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and increased acetylated p53 compared to LCR-C, while training produced no significant changes for these measures in HCR rats. BAX and Blc-2 were not different among all four groups. The levels of outer dense fibers -1 (Odf-1), a marker of spermatogenesis, increased in LCR-T rats, but decreased in HCR-TR rats. Moreover, exercise training increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) only in LCR rats. These data suggest that rats with low inborn exercise capacity can increase whole body oxygen consumption and running exercise capacity with endurance training and, in turn, increase spermatogenesis function via reduction in ROS and heightened activity of p53 in testes
Az edzés pihenőidejében alkalmazott okklúzió hatása négyhetes guggoló edzést végző egyének átlagsebesség mutatóira
Az okklĂşziĂłs edzĂ©s egy olyan edzĂ©sforma, mely a vĂ©gtagra felhelyezett elszorĂtĂł eszközzel korlátozza a mozgást vĂ©gzĹ‘ izom vĂ©nás visszaáramlását. Jelen vizsgálatunkban 20 fizikailag aktĂv egĂ©szsĂ©ges fiatal felnĹ‘tt vĂ©gzett 4 hetes guggolĂł gyakorlatos edzĂ©sprogramot. Az edzĂ©si idĹ‘szakban a rĂ©sztvevĹ‘k a maximális egyismĂ©tlĂ©ses maximumuk 70%-val edzettek, mely a sportĂ©letben is szĂ©les körben alkalmazott vázizom hipertrĂłfizálĂł edzĂ©sforma. Vizsgálatunkban a kontroll csoport alanyai (n=10) 1 hĂłnapig hetente
3-szor, 5-ször 10 ismétlést hajtottak végre edzésenként 2 perces szettek közötti pihenővel. Az okklúziós csoport (n=10) hasonló edzéskarakterisztikákkal dolgozott, annyi különbséggel, hogy a vizsgálati személyek a szettek közötti pihenő időben 1 perces mandzsettás okklúzióban részesültek az alsó végtagon. A munkavégzés intenzitását az ismétlések
átlagsebesség változóival jellemeztük. Eredményeink szerint az általunk alkalmazott okklúziós edzés nem befolyásolta számottevően az alanyok átlagos sebesség paraméterit
az edzés protokoll ideje alatt, habár eltérő adaptációs folyamatok feltételezhetők.
Kulcsszavak: okklúziós edzés, guggoló edzés, átlagsebessé
Mitochondrial biogenesis-associated factors underlie the magnitude of response to aerobic endurance training in rats
Trainability is important in elite sport and in recreational physical activity, and the wide range for response to training is largely dependent on genotype. In this study, we compare a newly developed rat model system selectively bred for low and high gain in running distance from aerobic training to test whether genetic segregation for trainability associates with differences in factors associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Low response trainer (LRT) and high response trainer (HRT) rats from generation 11 of artificial selection were trained five times a week, 30 min per day for 3 months at 70 % VO2max to study the mitochondrial molecular background of trainability. As expected, we found significant differential for the gain in running distance between LRT and HRT groups as a result of training. However, the changes in VO2max, COX-4, redox homeostasis associated markers (reactive oxygen species (ROS)), silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT1), NAD+/NADH ratio, proteasome (R2 subunit), and mitochondrial network related proteins such as mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) and mitochondrial fusion protein (Mfn1) suggest that these markers are not strongly involved in the differences in trainability between LRT and HRT. On the other hand, according to our results, we discovered that differences in basal activity of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and differential changes in aerobic exercise-induced responses of citrate synthase, carbonylated protein, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1-α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and Lon protease limit trainability between these selected lines. From this, we conclude that mitochondrial biogenesis-associated factors adapt differently to aerobic exercise training in training sensitive and training resistant rats
Eating habits modulate short term memory and epigenetical regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus of low- and high running capacity rats
Exercise capacity and dietary restriction (DR) are linked to improved quality of life, including enhanced brain function and neuro-protection. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the key proteins involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on brain. Low capacity runner (LCR) and high capacity runner (HCR) rats were subjected to DR in order to investigate the regulation of BDNF. HCR-DR rats out-performed other groups in a passive avoidance test. BDNF content increased significantly in the hippocampus of HCR-DR groups compared to control groups (p<0.05). The acetylation of H3 increased significantly only in the LCR-DR group. However, chip-assay revealed that the specific binding between acetylated histone H3 and BNDF promoter was increased in both LCR-DR and HCR-DR groups. In spite of these increases in binding, at the transcriptional level only, the LCR-DR group showed an increase in BDNF mRNA content. Additionally, DR also induced the activity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), while the content of SIRT1 was not altered. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) was elevated in HCR-DR groups. But, based on the levels of nuclear respiratory factor-1 and cytocrome c oxidase, it appears that DR did not cause mitochondrial biogenesis. The data suggest that DR-mediated induction of BDNF levels includes chromatin remodeling. Moreover, DR does not induce mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus of LCR/HCR rats. DR results in different responses to a passive avoidance test, and BDNF regulation in LCR and HCR rats
Paclitaxel Protects against Isoproterenol-Induced Damage in Rat Myocardium: Its Heme-Oxygenase Mediated Role in Cardiovascular Research
(1) Background: In cardiovascular applications, paclitaxel inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and significantly reduces the occurrence of restenosis and target lesion revascularization. However, the cellular effects of paclitaxel in the myocardium are not well understood; (2) Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (CTRL), isoproterenol (ISO) treated (1 mg/kg) and two groups treated with paclitaxel (PAC), which was administrated (10 mg/kg/day) for 5 days by gavage/per os alone or in combination (ISO + PAC) 3 weeks after ISO treatment. Ventricular tissue was harvested 24 h later for measurements of heme oxygenase (HO-1), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), NF-κB, TNF-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO); (3) Results: HO-1 protein concentration, HO-1 activity, SOD protein concentration and total glutathione significantly decreased in response to ISO treatment. When PAC was administered in conjunction with ISO, HO-1, SOD concentration and total glutathione were not different from control levels. MPO activity, NF-κB concentration and TNF-α protein concentration were significantly increased in the ISO-only group, while the levels of these molecules were restored when PAC was co-administered; (4) Conclusions: Oral administration of PAC can maintain the expression of important antioxidants, anti-inflammatory molecules, HO-1, SOD and GSH, and suppress the production of TNF-α, MPO and NF-κB, which are involved in myocardial damage. The principal component of this cellular defense seems to be the expression of HO-1
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